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一般专升本英语语法之主谓共同解说

2020-10-07

主谓共同是指:

1) 语法方式上要共同,即单复数方式与谓语要共同。

2) 意义上要共同,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数方式共同。

3) 就近准则,即谓语动词的单复方式取决于最靠近它的词语,

一般来说,不可数名词用动词奇数,可数名词复数用动词复数。例如:

There is much water in the thermos.

但当不可数名词前有表明数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数方式。例如:

Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.

二.相关知识点精讲

1.并列结构作主语时谓语用复数,例如:

Reading and writing are very important. 读写很重要。

留意:当主语由and衔接时,假如它表明一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用奇数,and 此刻衔接的两个词前只要一个冠词。

The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.

A. isB. was  C. are  D. were

答案B. 注:先从时态上考虑。这是曩昔发作的工作使用曩昔时,先扫除A.,C。本题易误选D,由于The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人,但细心区分,monitor 前没有the,在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后边的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选B。

2. 主谓共同中的接近准则

1)当there be 句型的主语是一系列事务时,谓语应与最附近的主语保持共同。例如:

There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一支笔、一把小刀和几本书。

2)当either… or… 与neither… nor,衔接两个主语时,谓语动词与最附近的主语保持共同。假如语句是由here, there引导,而主语又不止一个时,谓语一般也和最附近的主语共同。例如:

Either you or she is to go. 不是你去,便是她去。

Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 给你笔、信封和纸。

3.谓语动词与前面的主语共同

当主语有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词组成的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语部分共同。例如:

The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 教师和一些学生在观赏工厂。

He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我想去划船。例如:

Each of us has a tape-recorder. 咱们每人都有录音机。

There is something wrong with my watch. 我的表坏了。

2)当主语是一本书或一条格言时,谓语动词常用奇数。例如:

The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 《天方夜谭》是英语兴趣者了解的一本书。

3)表明金钱,时间,价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时,一般把这些名词看作一个全体,谓语一般用奇数。例如:

Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. 用三个星期来做准备。

Ten yuan is enough. 十元够了。

5.指代含义决定谓语的单复数

1)代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。

All are present. 人都到齐了。

2)团体名词作主语时,谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后,谓语动词用复数方式时着重这个团体中的各个成员,用奇数时着重该团体的全体。例如:

His family isn’t very large. 他家成员不多。

His family are music lovers. 他家个个都是音乐兴趣者。

但调集名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数方式。例如:

Are there any police around? 邻近有差人吗?

3)有些名词,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作奇数,有时看作复数。例如:

A number of +名词复数+复数动词。

A number of books have lent out.

The majority of the students like English.

6.与后接名词或代词保持一致的状况

1)用half of, most of, none of, heaps of, lots of, plenty of 等引起主语时,谓语动词一般与of后边的名词/代词保持一致。例如:

Most of his money is spent on books. 他大部分的钱化在书上了。

Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 大部分学生积极参与体育运动。

2)用a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of 等引起主语时,谓语动词一般用奇数。例如: A series of accidents has been reported. 媒体报道了一连串的事端。

3)如 many a 或 more than one 所润饰的短语作主语时,谓语动词多用奇数方式。但由more than… of 作主语时,动词应与这以后的名词或代词保持一致。例如:

Many a person has read the novel. 许多人读过这本书。

More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生来自这个城市。

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