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自考常用的英语格言和成语

2020-12-12

值得一提的是:成语或格言,一般来说,都是照原文独立运用。不过有时也可用在新的语句里;有时也可用肯定句或否定句;有时动词时态也可稍加改动;这要看运用时的状况而定。但无论如何,有必要坚持原文的完整性。在此,先以第一句为例,希望能收「触类旁通」之效。

(1) You can not teach an old dog new tricks ── 照字面意思是:你不能教老狗学新的花招。也就是说:年迈保守的人,不易改动旧的风格,或承受新的事物和新思想。(Some people find it impossible to change their ways; or older people can not accept the changes or new ideas.) 尽管这句成语能够独立运用,但只要能保持原文的完整性,也可「动些四肢」。例如:

Stop trying to teach an old dog new tricks; you are just wasting time.(别想教老狗新花样,你仅仅白花时间。)

Are you trying to teach an old dog new tricks?

He is impossible. Don‘t try to teach an old dog new tricks.(impossible 是指固执成性、故步自封的人。)

I have tried teaching an old dog new tricks, but it doesn‘t work.(注:教狗不直接用 teach,要用 try to teach.)

(2) All that glitters is not gold. ── 字面的意思是:一切能闪闪发光的东西,未必都是黄金。换言之,便是许多表面美丽的物品,未必都是真实的宝贝。由于也许是金玉其外,败絮其中,或是中看不中用。(not every beautiful thing is valuable. 也有人说成:All is not gold that glitters. (glitter 是动词,意思是闪闪发光或光芒耀眼。) 也可用在语句里:

I told my students that all that glitters is not gold.

还有一句相似的成语:

Don‘t judge a book by its cover. (意思是:不能以书皮的美丑,去判别书的内容好坏。)

(3) Pepole (或 Those) who live in glass houses should not throw stones (或 rocks) ── 照字面的意思是:住在玻璃屋里的人不可丢石头。也就是说,人间没有完美无瑕的人,每个人都有缺陷,所以不要批判别人。即所谓「本身有短,勿批别人」。 (Nobody is perfect, so we should not criticize others.) 相似的,还有:

Don‘t judge a man until you have walked a mile in his shoes. (除非你充沛了解人家的态度,不可容易作出评价。)

(judge = criticize; have walked a mile in his shoes = have understood his situation well enough)

另一句是:

Judge not lest ye be judged. (来自圣经)(意思是:不要批判别人,以免将来也被别人批判。)(ye 是古字 = you;lest 是连接词,意思是只怕或以免。)便是:

If you criticize others, you probably will be criticized ,too.

所以咱们也可以说:

He told his children“Judge not lest ye be judged.”

(4) It is more blessed to give than to receive. ── 意思是:施比受更有福。也便是劝人多多行善,帮助别人。(blessed 是形容词,意思是美好的,受敬重的。)这句话不但可独立运用,也可用在不同的语句里:

Especially during Christmas time, it‘s more blessed to give than to receive.(尤其在圣诞时更要助人)

The longer I live the more I realize that it is more blessed to give than to receive.(我活得愈久,愈体会到施比受更有福。)

(5) Every cloud has a silver lining. ── 照字面的意思是,每一个阴云中,都有一点雪白的衬层。换句话便是,每一个不好的状况,也有好的一面。即所谓「黑私自总有一线光亮」。(Something good in every situation; or there is a positive side in everything.) (lining 是名词,意思是内衬或环衬。)所以劝人不可失望,就可以说:

Don‘t be so grumpy and pessimistic because every cloud has a silver lining. (不要这麽浮躁和失望,工作也有好的一面。)

(6) A rolling stone gathers no moss. ── 这是一句老俗话,但还是很盛行。照字面的意思是,滚动的石头,是长不出苔藓的。也就是说,常常在工作上变化的人,较难得到很好的资格,也难遭到他人的信赖。即所谓「滚石不生苔,转业不聚财」。(One who is always on the move or changes jobs often will not save or keep much money.) 所以咱们能够劝年轻人不可三心二意,届时一事无成:

Don‘t change your job too frequently because a rolling stone gathers no moss.

(7) You can lead a horse to water, but you can not make him drink. ── 意思是说,带马到河滨简单,但逼马饮水倒很困难。换句话说,有好的建议,虽然能够提出,但不能逼人家做他不愿做的事。由于人家不肯照著你的意思做,还是没有办法啊! (You can encourage, but not force, someone to do something; or you may give someone an advice, but you can‘t force him /her to follow it.) 例如:

I can not force her to marry him. After all you can lead a horse to water, but you can not make him drink.(我不能逼她嫁给他。终究带马到河滨简单,逼马饮水倒困难。)

(8) Don‘t put all your eggs in one basket. ── 照字面意思是:不要把悉数鸡蛋放在一个篮子里。也便是劝人不可把悉数期望寄托在一个计画上,或会集悉数的财力干一件事。(don’t risk everything you have on a single plan or idea; don‘t forcus or invest too much in one specific area)(注:只用 basket,而不用 box 或 bag,或许由于早年农民把鸡蛋捡起後,都放在篮子里。) 所以可以说:

If you are spending all your money on that stock, you are putting all your eggs in one basket.(假设你把一切的钱出资在一种股票上,那就太冒险了。)

I don‘t want to put all my eggs in one basket.(我不想冒著背注一掷的危险。)

(9) If you can not stand the heat, get (或 stay) out of the kitchen. 这句话,是曩昔美国总统 Harry Truman 的名言。意思是:假设你不能忍耐酷热高温,你就应该脱离厨房。也便是说,假设你缺少精力与胆量,不能接受工作的压力,或是不能接受尖锐批评的勇气,那麽你就不要追求或担任高层的职位。(这儿的heat是指 stress 或pressure;kitchen 是指 office 或 position.)简单的说,便是:

If you can not stand the stress, you should exit(或 leave)。

I know it is a very tough job; if you can‘t stand the heat, stay out of the kitchen.(我知道那是一个困难的工作,假设你无法接受压力,你就应该离任。)

(10) There is more than one way to skin a cat. 照字面的意思是:要剥一只猫的皮,不是只要一种办法。换句话说,要想到达相同的方针,是有许多的办法 (different ways of reaching the same goal)。 所以能够说:

Don‘t be so stubborn about this problem because there is more than one way to skin a cat. (对这问题不必太顽固,由于有许多办法能够处理。)

(注:只用 skin,不用 kill;只用 cat,不用 dog.)

(11) Don‘t throw the baby out with the bath water. 照字面的意思是:不要把小孩连同洗澡水一同倒掉。也就是说,不要由于过度热忱,把好的精华,连同不好的糟粕部份一同丢掉。(Don’t throw out something valuable when getting rid of something useless; or don‘t throw away the good thing with the bad.) 所以可以说:

When you attempt to design a new policy, don‘t throw the baby out with the bath water. (当你拟定新的时,不要把好的部份,连同不好的,一同丢掉。)

(12) Too many cooks spoil the broth. (或 soup) 照字面意思便是:太多的厨师,反而把汤破坏了。也便是说,假如人太多,定见也多,反而不易做出决定。其实一个人作主就够了。(the more people work on a project, the worse it may turn out; or too many people or ideas may prevent from getting things done.) 所以可以说:

I need to solve this problem myself; sometimes too many cooks spoil the broth. (我要自己处理这个问题,有时人多,定见多,反而无法决定。)

(13) Where there is smoke, there is fire. 照字面的意思是:有烟的当地,就有火。也就是说:一件令人置疑的工作,背後或许有些原因的存在。即所谓「无风不起浪」。 (suspicious things usually mean something is wrong; or there must be some reasons behind a suspicious event.) 所以可以说:

I don‘t believe what he has said; where there is smoke, there is fire.(我不信他所说的,由于无风不起浪。)

(14) When the cat is away, the mice will play. 这是一句十分盛行的俗话。意思是:猫儿不在,老鼠玩得安闲。也就是说,上司不在,部下就会轻松安闲。所以 cat 是指任何有威望的人,mice 是指任何的部下。 (When the boss is absent, employees will usually do as they please.)(留意:cat 是用奇数;mice是用大都,由于一般家里,或许只养一只猫,但老鼠可不止一只吧!一般老板也只要一位,职工倒不止一位吧。) (mice 的奇数是 mouse) 咱们也可以说:

If teen-agers are alone at home after school, it may be a case of the mice playing when the cat is away.

(青少年放学後,假如爸爸妈妈不在,独自在家,就会高枕无忧,大玩特玩。) (尽管这句成语句型,稍加改动,但仍不失本意。)

(15) Strike while the iron is hot. 这便是咱们所谓的「打铁趁热」。换句话说,便是机会一旦降临,一定要捉住,才干得到最好的成果。(to act at the best time to get the best results; or to grab the good opportunity whenever it presents itself) (也有人说成:Strike the iron when it is hot) 所以咱们可以对年轻人说:

You should strike while the iron is hot. (你要打铁趁热,趁机行事。)

If you want to get an advanced degree, you should strike while the iron is hot. (假设你想获得高学位,就应该打铁趁热。) (也便是马进步研究所「go to graduate school right away」)

(16) Don‘t cut off your (one’s) nose to spite your (one‘s) face. 照字面的意思是:不要割破你的鼻子,而发怒了你的面孔。也就是说,不要由于一时对他人发怒,反而害了自己。即所谓「拿自己出气。」(one tries to hurt others, but eventually hurt oneself; or to make a situation worse for oneself when angry with someone) 假设你想栽赃他人,成果反而害了自己。就可以说:

If you try to hurt someone, you may end up cutting off your nose to spite your face. 或者说:

You may be cutting off your nose to spite your face if you ignore your boss all the time. (假如你老是不答理你的老板,将来反而对你不利。)

(17) Beggars can‘t be choosers. 照字面的意思是:做乞丐的,就不能对取得的东西有所选择。(chooser 是选择者) 换言之,要饭的,就不能挑肥拣瘦,人家给什麽,都得承受。(needy people have to take whatever they can get;or don’t criticize what you are given)(尽管 can‘t = can not, 但在这句成语里,老外爱用 can’t) 所以咱们可以说:

When asking for help(donation),remember beggars can not be chooser. (当恳求他人帮助或乐捐时,就没有选择的地步。) (人家给多少,就得拿多少。)

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