为帮助各位考生好好复习专升本英语科目考试,速成为大家整理了英语必考点及物动词与不及物动词用法,供各位考生复习备考。
1.不及物动词。后面不能跟宾语,意思已完整。不及物动词有时可以加上副词或介词,构成短语动词,相当于一个及物动词。例如:Please look at the blackboard and listen to me.(请看黑板,听我说。)
常见的不及物动词短语如下:
(1)show up( arrive到达,出现)
(2)wake up (arouse from sleep醒来)
(3)come over (to visit访问)
(4)drop by (visit without appointment 顺便拜访)
(5)break down (stop functioning 坏了,不好使了)
(6)catch on (become popular 出名)
(7)come back ( return to a place 返回)
(8)keep on (+动名称) ( continue with the same继续保持)
(9)pass out ( lose consciousness, faint昏过去,晕)
(10)get up ( arise起床)
(11)take place 发生.
(12)come out出版,出来
(13)come true 实现
(14)run out 用光 ,耗尽
(15)get by ( survive凑合,过得去)
(16)come in ( enter进入)
(17)come to ( regain consciousness恢复意识)
(18)show off ( demonstrate haughtily 炫耀)
(19)eat out (dine in a restaurant 外出吃饭)
(20)go on (2) ( happen发生 )
(21)grow up ( get older变老 )
(22)keep away ( remain at a distance保持距离 )
(23)go back ( return to a place 回到)
(24)go on ( continue继续 )
2.及物动词。后面必须跟宾语,意思才完整,常用的能接双宾语的及物动词有give, teach, buy, lend, find, hand, leave, sell, show, read, pay, make, offer, build, pass, bring, cook等。
(1)及物动词+宾语。例如:I love my home. 我爱我家。
(2)及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语。例如:She taught us maths. 她教我们数学。
3.特殊情况
(1)要特别注意有些动词英汉之间的区别。某些词在英语中是不及物的,而在汉语中却是及物的。有时则相反。
①有的动词在英语里只能用作不及物动词,而汉语则可用作及物动词,如arrive到达,agree同意,1isten听。英语里这些动词后面常接介词。例如:Do they agree to the plan?他们同意这个计划吗?(to不可省去)
②有的动词在英语里能用作及物动词,而在汉语里则不能用作及物动词,如serve为…服务。例如:Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly.我们的儿童被教以全心全意为人民服务
(2)许多动词可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词,他阅读中必须仔细体会和区别。
①兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,意义不变。常用的词汇有begin, start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve等。例如:Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词)
②兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,有时意义不尽相同。例如:Does this cloth wash well? 这布经得起洗吗?