一、spend/ take /cost
1. spend的主语通常是“人”,即“某人在─花多少时间或金钱。”
例句:
(1)The boy spends a lot ofmoney.(in) playing computergames.
(那个男孩花了很多钱玩电子游戏。)
(2)She spent lots of money onbooks last year.
(去年她花费很多钱在书本上。)
2.take前常以it作形式主语,作“做某事需要花多少时间。”
It takes +(人)+时间+ to do sth.
(1)How long does it take youto finish the work?(你需要多少时间才能完成那工作?)
(2)It took me an hour torepair my bike.(我花了一个小时修理自行车。)
(3)It takes a lot of courageto tell the truth.(说真话需要很大的勇气。)
3. cost的主语通常是事物,即指 ①某物值多少钱②需要多少时间③某人花了多少钱④使(某人)(丧失)(事/物)+cost+(人)+时间/金钱
(1)The watch cost me twohundred yuan.(这块手表花了我200块钱。)
(2)Writing a novel costplenty of time.(写本小说要花很多时间。)
(3)The girl’s bad behaviorcost her parents many sleepless nights.
(那个女孩的不良行为使得她的父母许多夜晚睡不着。)
注意:cost的过去式,过去分词都是cost。
二、speak/say/tell/talk
1.speak说某种语言,说某人好、坏话是及物动词;发表讲话,对某人说话,是不及物动词。
1)The students speak Englishvery fluently.(这些学生英语说得非常流利。)
2)The Prime Minister spoke onthe international situation.(首相就国际形势发表了演说。)
3)She always speaks ill ofothers.(她总是说别人的坏话。)
speak的习惯用语:
Generally speaking 一般而言
Frankly speaking 坦白地说
Strictly speaking 严格地说
not to speak of 且不说;更不用说
(1)Generally speaking, man isstronger than woman.(一般而言,男人比女人强壮。)
(2)We can speak English, notto speak of Chinese.(我们会读英语,汉语更不用说了。)
2. say说出某句话或某件事;后接从句,(但say与从句之间不能直接接人称代词或名词);说明时间;书信、布告报纸上的“说”,习惯用法
(1)She said ,“I love you.”(她说:“我爱你。”)
(2)Say goodbye to them.(跟他们说再见。)
(3)She says she is busy.(她说她很忙。)
(4)My watch says 10:00 sharp.(我的表是十点整。)
(5)The paper says that therewas a big fire in Shanghai.(报上说上海发生了一场大火)。
(6)It is said that she hasbeen away for a month.(据说她已走了一个月了)
(7)It goes without sayingthat education is important.(不用说,教育是重要的。)
(8)Tom is a good student,that is to say, he gets good grades in school.
(Tom是个好学生,也就是说,他在学校的成绩很好。)
3. tell说谎;讲故事;说实话
(1)Don’t tell a lie.(不要说谎。)
(2)She likes to tell stories.(她喜欢讲故事。)
(3)We should always tell thetruth.(我们应该永远说实话。)
tell辨别;叫某人做某事;接“间接”与“直接”宾语;tell+宾语+that从句
1)Sometimes we can’t tellright from wrong.(有时我们无法辨别是非。)
(他告诉我他要去那儿。)
4. talk连续地说话;习惯用法
(1)What are the girls talkingabout ?(那些女孩们讲什么?)
(2)Young people like to talkpolitics.(年青人喜欢谈论政治。)
(3)I talked over the matterwith her.(我与她谈论了那个问题。)